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Overview of Manual Pumps for Drinking Water
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This section provides a concise overview of some of the main handpumps that are commonly used in domestic rural water supplies.
More comprehensive information, including standards, installation manuals and guidelines for caretakers for most of these pumps is available from RWSN.
An updated CD of handpump technology standards (version 2009) can be purchased from the RWSN Secretariat at US$ 50. For more information contact rwsn@skat.ch
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the CD contains the following documents:
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The Afridev Pump is a conventional lever action handpump. It is designed for heavy-duty use, serving communities of up to 300 persons. The maximum recommended lift is 45 m.
The Afridev Pump is a public domain pump defined by RWSN specifications. The Afridev Pump is fully corrosion resistant, easy to install and has excellent potential for community-based maintenance
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The Bush Pump is a robust conventional lever action handpump, developed and standardised in Zimbabwe (SAZ 881:2004). It is designed for heavy-duty use, serving communities of 300 persons. Three different cylinders are available, the smallest one extend the range to a maximum recommended lift of 80 m.
The Bush Pump is not corrosion resistant. It requires special skills for installation as well as for the maintenance; it is not a VLOM pump.
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The India Mark II Pump is a robust conventional lever action handpump. It is designed for heavy-duty use, serving communities of 300 persons. The maximum recommended lift is 50 m. The India Mark II is a public domain pump defined by Indian Standards and RWSN specifications. The India Mark II pump is not corrosion resistant. It requires special skills for installation as well as for the maintenance; it is not considered to be a VLOM pump.
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The India Mark III Pump is a robust conventional lever action handpump for shallow to medium deep wells. It is designed for heavy-duty use, serving communities of 300 persons. The maximum recommended lift is 30 m. Besides the “Standard 63.5 mm” configuration, there exists a version with Ø50 mm cylinder size for lifts up to 50 m.
The India Mark III Pump is a public domain pump defined by Indian Standards and RWSN specifications. This pump requires special skills for installation and has good potential for community based maintenance.
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The Jibon Pump is a lever operated deep-set pump for shallow wells. Typically, Jibon Pumps are installed in collapsible tube wells with the screen extending to the coarse sand aquifer. It is designed for family use, serving up to 100 persons. The Jibon Pump is reasonably corrosion resistant and the maximum recommended lift is 18 m.
The Jibon Pump is a public domain pump defined by RWSN specifications. It is easy to install and has excellent potential for community-based maintenance.
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The Indus, Kabul and Pamir Pumps are conventional lever action handpumps. They are designed for heavy-duty use, serving communities of 300 persons. The maximum recommended lift is 15 m for the Kabul Pump, 45 m for the Indus Pump and 60 m for the Pamir Pump. The pumps are not fully corrosion resistant; rods are subject to rusting.
The Indus, Kabul and Pamir Pumps are public domain pumps defined by RWSN specifications, only used in Afghanistan and Pakistan. They are easy to install and have excellent potential for community-based maintenance.
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The Malda Pump is a direct action pump for Low Lift Wells. It uses a buoyant pump rod that helps to reduce the forces on the handle. It is designed for heavy-duty use, serving communities of 300 persons. The maximum recommended lift is 15 m. The Malda Pump is a public domain pump defined by RWSN specifications. The Malda Pump is fully corrosion resistant. It is easy to install and has excellent potential for community-based maintenance.
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Many design of locally produced suction pumps are available, most of them are family pumps. In contrast to the community pumps, these pumps are normally not standardised. Their design and functioning is largely dependent on the materials that are locally available and on the user preference.
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The Nira AF-85 Pump is a direct action pump for Low Lift Wells. It uses a buoyant pump rod that helps to reduce the forces on the handle. It is designed for heavy-duty use, serving communities of 300 persons. The maximum recommended lift is 15 m. The Nira AF-85 is fully corrosion resistant. It is easy to install and has excellent potential for community-based maintenance.
The Nira AF85 pump is not in the public domain. For specifications and information, it is necessary to contact the manufacturer.
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The Rope Pump features a unique design in which small plastic pistons are lined up on a rope. The distance between the pistons is approximately 1 m. The drive wheel is crank operated and pulls the rope through a plastic rising pipe. The drive wheel consists of cut old tires. A ceramic guide box at the bottom of the well leads the rope with the pistons into the rising pipe.
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The Rope Pump features a unique design in which small plastic pistons are lined up on a rope. The distance between the pistons is approximately 1 m.
The drive wheel is crank operated and pulls the rope through a plastic rising pipe. The drive wheel consists of cut old tires. A concrete guide box with a glass bottle at the well ground leads the rope with the pistons into the rising main pipe.
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The Rope Pump features a unique design in which small plastic pistons are lined up on a rope. The distance between the pistons is approximately 1 m.
The drive wheel is crank operated and pulls the rope through a plastic rising pipe. The drive wheel consists of cut old tires. A concrete guide box with a glass bottle at the well ground leads the rope with the pistons into the rising main pipe.
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The Tara Pump is a “Direct Action Pump for Low Lift Wells”. It uses a buoyant pump rod that helps to reduce the forces on the handle. It is not designed for heavy-duty use, and can serve small communities of 100 persons. The maximum recommended lift is 15 m. The Tara Pump is a public domain pump defined by RWSN specifications and Indian Standards. The Tara Pump is fully corrosion resistant. It is easy to install and has excellent potential for community-based maintenance.
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The U3M Pump is a conventional lever action handpump developed in Uganda. It is designed for heavy-duty use, serving communities of up to 300 persons. The maximum recommended lift is 45 m.
The U3M Pump is a public domain pump defined by RWSN specifications. The U3M Pump is fully corrosion resistant. It is easy to install and has excellent potential for community based maintenance.
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The Volanta Pump is a reciprocating pump for medium to very deep wells. It uses a retractable cylinder and a seal-less stainless steel piston. The stroke is adjustable to reduce the effort needed at deep installations. It is designed for heavy-duty use and the maximum recommended lift is 70 m. The Volanta Pump is not in the public domain and information can be asked from the manufacturer.
The Volanta Pump is fully corrosion resistant. It is rather difficult to install and it needs extensive masonry work. Maintenance is easy so that communities can care for the pumps.
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The Walimi Pump is a conventional lever action handpump for lifting water from low to medium deep wells. It is designed for small to medium sized communities of up to 250 persons. Besides the 3” (Ø76 mm) cylinder configuration, recommended to maximum lift of 25 m, a 2” version (Ø50 mm) cylinder is used for lifts up to 40 m.
The Walimi Pump is a public domain pump defined by RWSN specifications. This pump is corrosion resistant, is quite easy to install and it has very good potential for community-based maintenance.
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The Hydropump HPV60 & HPV 100 are operated by foot with a pedal. The piston movement is hydraulically transmitted via a flexible hose to a rubber diaphragm down in the pumping element. It is designed for heavy-duty use, serving communities of 300 persons. The maximum recommended lift is 60 m. The Vergnet pumps are fully corrosion resistant and installation of the pump is easy. Maintenance requirements are simple; above ground components allow interventions by the village caretaker, but below ground components are difficult to repair.
The Hydropump is not in the public domain. For specific information, it is necessary to contact the manufacturer.
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The Afridev Pump with a Bottom Support System (BSS) is a technology that uses a reinforced version of the Afridev Pump together with a Support from the end of the borehole (BSS). It is designed for water lifting in low water table areas and the maximal lift recommended is 80 m.
The Afridev Pump with BSS is a public domain pump defined by RWSN specifications. The Afridev Pump with BSS is fully corrosion resistant, relatively easy to install by pump mechanics and can be maintained by the communities.
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The India Mark II Extra Deep well Pump is designed for lifting water from extra deep water sources and is therefore strongly built. The maximal lift recommended is 80 m. The India Mark II Extra Deep well is a public domain pump defined by Indian Standards or RWSN specifications. This pump is not considered to be a VLOM pump.
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